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What causes a migraine?

The causes of migraines are not well understood. It is thought to involve a change in brain activity. This change can temporarily affect blood vessels, chemical messengers, and nerve signals in the brain.  

There are many factors that can trigger an attack such as stress, hormonal changes, alcohol, and missing meals.

How long can a migraine last?

If someone has a migraine with aura, the aura stage generally lasts between 5 minutes and 1 hour. The headache stage of a migraine can last between 4 and 72 hours.

What happens during a migraine?

The main symptom is an intense headache that causes moderate or severe pain. Generally, it occurs on one side of the head and can cause a pulsating or throbbing sensation. This can prevent you from carrying out normal daily activities.

Other common symptoms that appear alongside these headaches are sensitivity to light, sweating, nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting.

Some people get temporary ‘aura’ symptoms before the main symptoms appear. These symptoms include pins and needles, difficulty speaking and visual disturbances. 

What is the best thing to do for a migraine?

A migraine attack can affect people differently and there is no perfect approach to treating one. Many people find lying in a dark room or sleeping can help. The main treatments used during an attack are painkillers (e.g ibuprofen, paracetamol), anti-sickness medicines (e.g Migraleve Pink), or triptans (e.g sumatriptan, rizatriptan).

What is the difference between a headache and a migraine?

Generally, a migraine headache is a moderate or severe headache and may be more severe than another type of headache. Migraine headaches are usually on one side of the head and cause a throbbing sensation. Other migraine symptoms are possible such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and aura.

More information is available from the NHS on different types of headache, such as tension-type headaches.

What are the stages of migraine?

Some people may not go through every stage of migraine. The stages are:

• Pre-headache (prodromal) - causes changes in mood, energy levels, and appetite before other symptoms appear
• Aura - temporary symptoms such as visual disturbances and pins and needles
• Headache stage
• Resolution stage - people often feel tired after the headache and other symptoms resolve

Before taking any medication, it is important to read the Patient Information Leaflet. You can find information leaflets for your medicines by typing them into the search bar at medicines.org, or by contacting us.

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